The article addresses the challenges and proposes mathematical models for optimizing container freight transportation within complex logistics systems, emphasizing the growing importance of digital technologies and artificial intelligence in logistics by 2025. It highlights key industry issues such as decentralized global supply chains, environmental risks, infrastructure deficiencies, safety concerns, and notably, the costly problem of transporting empty containers, which accounts for a significant portion of operational expenses worldwide and in Russia. The core contribution is a modified three-dimensional transport optimization model that incorporates container types, cargo volumes, and transportation costs, including the cost variations due to partially filled or empty containers. The model extends classical transportation problem formulations by introducing a potentials method that accounts for the contributions of suppliers, recipients, and container costs to determine an optimal transport plan minimizing total costs. Constraints ensure that supply and demand conditions, container capacities, and route feasibility are respected. The model uniquely integrates the degree of container filling into cost calculations using a coefficient to adjust transportation costs accordingly. This approach enables more accurate and cost-effective freight planning. Additionally, the article discusses the development of a simulation model and a client-server application to automate the search for optimal transport plans, facilitating practical implementation. The proposed framework can be expanded to include various container types, cargo characteristics, and transport modes, offering a comprehensive tool for improving logistics efficiency in container freight transportation.

Keywords: diversification of management, production diversification, financial and economic purposes of a diversification, technological purposes of ensuring flexibility of production

The paper considers the issue of choosing a data transmission protocol through telecommunication networks for the implementation of a distributed monitoring and diagnostic system for hydrogen solid polymer fuel cells. It has been established that the organization of such systems is potentially possible on the basis of protocols: HTTP, Websockets and UDP, however, to ensure maximum efficiency in making diagnostic decisions, the use of the UDP protocol is preferable. Experimental estimates show that the maximum time to receive a diagnostic message will be no more than 250 ms, and the average is about 125 ms.

Keywords: solid polymer fuel cell, monitoring, diagnostics, distributed system, data transmission protocols, UDP, message delays, telecommunication networks, hydrogen energy, remote control

Choosing a programmable logic controller is one of the most important tasks when designing an automated system. The modern market offers many options, different in characteristics, which have different priorities for production. The paper proposes a method for evaluating the overall effectiveness of software logic controllers. When evaluating the selected characteristics, linear scaling and weight coefficients are introduced that take into account the importance of the parameter for the controller in question compared to others. The weight of the parameter in the calculation is set using a coefficient. The values of the weight coefficients may vary depending on the requirements of the technological process.

Keywords: programmable logic controller, efficiency evaluation method, weight ratio, petal diagram

Modern predictive analytics methods significantly enhance the capabilities of network monitoring systems by enabling early detection of anomalies and potential failures. This article presents the results of a study on approaches to building a proactive network monitoring system using machine learning and statistical analysis methods. It is demonstrated that the use of combined models based on recurrent neural networks and autoregressive models provides the most accurate network traffic forecasting with a prediction horizon of up to 10 time intervals. The practical implementation of the proposed approach allows for a 27% reduction in unplanned downtime and a 35% decrease in incident response time compared to traditional reactive monitoring systems.

Keywords: predictive analytics, network monitoring, machine learning, statistical analysis, anomaly detection, traffic forecasting, recurrent neural networks, autoregressive models, proactive systems, fault tolerance

The article presents a comparative analysis of the results obtained from the automatic determination of crack width in reinforced concrete structures using photogrammetric 3D targets and the manual method using a Brinell microscope. It also outlines the general conditions required to obtain accurate crack width measurements when performing photogrammetric surveys. The experience of using photogrammetric targets for determining crack width in reinforced concrete structures in Russia is limited due to the novelty of the method, the high cost of specialized equipment, and the complexity of data processing. Proper use of photogrammetric targets can significantly speed up the process of measuring crack width in monolithic reinforced concrete structures and improve measurement accuracy. This technology is particularly relevant for monitoring or field testing of structures that require regular crack width control.

Keywords: photogrammetric targets, monitoring, crack width, reinforced concrete, software suite, camera, focal length, lighting.

This article discusses the problem of determining the dynamicity coefficients in case of local damage to the truss in the steel frame of an industrial building. The analysis of the resistance of steel frames to local damage is an important area in the design of industrial buildings, especially those that belong to the category of increased responsibility. Damage to individual elements of the load-bearing system can cause a redistribution of forces and lead to a progressive collapse.

Keywords: diversification of management, production diversification, financial and economic purposes of a diversification, technological purposes of ensuring flexibility of production

The authors examine facade elements that were typical for residential buildings in Astrakhan in the first half of the 19th century. As in other Russian cities, housing construction here was carried out according to "exemplary" projects using classical architectural details. The study describes iconic architectural monuments with order decor of facades, as well as such common elements in Astrakhan as triangular pediments, simplified and shortened modillions, dormers and classical window frames. A unique feature of Astrakhan residential architecture is the yard galleries designed as colonnades of the transformed Tuscan order. In conclusion, the authors note that the facade elements generally followed the order and classical models, but were often simplified and loosely interpreted.

Keywords: classicism, residential architecture, "exemplary" project, architectural order, facade element, yard gallery, architectural heritage of Astrakhan

The article presents research in the form of comparison of safety factors in guy ropes of building structures designed using the limit state method and ropes of mast structures related to power engineering facilities, specified in federal norms and rules. It is demonstrated that the use of safety factors for guy ropes of mast structures, justified by the theory of reliability, allows to effectively solve the problem of assigning rejection criteria for guy ropes, and can be used in developing recommendations for their inspection, technical diagnostics, and operation based on the existing known rejection criteria used for lifting structures.

Keywords: building structures, wooden structures, membrane panel, stress-strain state, radial beam dome, dome, membrane, design, experimental study

The aim of the research is to develop defect catalogs of single building structures for operational digital building information models. The importance of standardization of defect description for improving the efficiency of life cycle management of capital construction objects is emphasized. The study of existing software solutions is carried out, their limitations in the context of defects accounting are revealed. A catalog of defects including visualization and description of key parameters is developed using Renga software. The presented results demonstrate the potential of digitalization of diagnostics and repair planning processes, as well as the need for further development of functional capabilities of BIM-tools to account for dynamic changes in the state of structures.

Keywords: operational digital information model, defects of building structures, defect catalog, defect classifier

The article examines the Lepeshinsky House in Nalchik as a significant architectural and cultural heritage site. It describes the historical aspects of its construction in the late 19th century, architectural features and artistic elements that make the building unique. The authors emphasize the importance of preserving this monument for future generations and its role in shaping the cultural identity of the region. The article also discusses current problems of the building’s operation and plans for its restoration aimed at restoring its historical appearance and preventing further destruction. Key aspects include the need to protect cultural heritage and draw public attention to the significance of such objects for the history and culture of the people.

Keywords: Lepeshinsky House, Nalchik, architectural heritage, cultural heritage, historical building, restoration, preservation, architectural features, mansion, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic

This article presents a conceptual framework for assessing the maturity of construction control and supervision systems at construction sites. A multi-level assessment model has been developed, integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. A five-level taxonomic system for grading the maturity of regulatory mechanisms in the construction industry is proposed. The procedures for forming a hierarchical structure of assessment indicators, constructing judgment matrices, determining weight coefficients, and applying the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to quantify the maturity level of supervision systems are described in detail. The developed methodology represents a universal tool for conducting comparative analysis of construction control and state supervision systems in various national and regional jurisdictions based on objective quantified criteria.

Keywords: construction control, state supervision, maturity model, Analytic Hierarchy Process, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, quantification, assessment indicators

In territorial planning, the choice of industrial territories is crucial for the state. The advantageous location will allow for the creation of labor application points to ensure stable economic growth. Understanding and taking into account the parameters of the formation and further functioning of such territories always require an integrated approach, that is, taking into account both economic and social, spatial and environmental factors. When planning, the accessibility of transport infrastructure, the availability of raw materials, tax incentives and other economic incentives can be key when choosing a particular area for the location of industrial facilities on it. An integrated approach can become especially relevant not only when planning new undeveloped territories, but also when converting existing large production areas.

Keywords: socio-economic development, comprehensive assessment, factors of the urban planning system, industrial park, industrial zone

The article considers the issues of improving the technology of preparing concrete mixtures for road surfaces at existing concrete mixing units without additional costs for their technical re-equipment. The essence of improving the preparation of concrete mixtures lies in the complex use of carbonate microfiller and superplasticizer additives in combination with the developed innovative method of preparing concrete mixture. The article shows that when using a polycarboxylate superplasticizing additive and a microfiller based on porous shell limestone in combination with the proposed method of preparing concrete mixture, it is possible to obtain road concrete with the required strength properties with a cement consumption reduced by 50 kg/m³.

Keywords: road concrete, superplasticizer, mineral micro filler, method of preparation of concrete mix

The article is devoted to the study of the physical and mechanical characteristics of alluvial sandy soils in the process of strengthening, in order to improve the efficiency of development of floodplain-alluvial territories for construction after the completion of the alluvial process. The studies were conducted in the territory of the Khabarovsk region, where the thickness of the alluvial layers was 2.5–5.5 meters. The study made it possible to substantiate the optimal timing for the start of construction on alluvial territories and to develop a method for assessing the mechanical properties of the soil, increasing the reliability of construction solutions.

Keywords: alluvial soil, stage of diagenesis, alluvial map, penetrometer, granulometric composition, pit, sounding borehole, conditional dynamic resistance of soil

Disposal of drilling waste in construction The methods of disposal of drilling waste are considered and the mechanisms of their biological purification by microorganisms are described. A technology for the disposal of biologically purified drilling mud is proposed by manufacturing concrete structures of marine artificial reefs, barrier breakwaters and other products on an offshore platform. Compositions of fine-grained fiber-concrete mixtures have been developed, including Portland cement, biologically purified well drilling waste, basalt fiber fibers and superplasticizer "SP-3". The sufficiently high parameters of the strength characteristics and frost resistance of the obtained fiber concrete compositions have shown the possibility of their use in harsh climatic conditions. materials.

Keywords: drilling waste, biodegradation, fine-grained fiber concrete, dispersed reinforcement, mechanical properties, offshore platform

The article examines the features of dismantled paving slabs as raw materials for the production of recycled aggregate for concrete. The effect of crushed fine fractions of secondary crushed stone screenings on the properties of fine-grained self-compacting concrete was investigated. It was experimentally shown that the use of this material as a mineral additive leads to an increase in the water demand of the self-compacting fine-grained mixture and a significant decrease in strength.

Keywords: demolition waste, vibro-pressed paving slabs, recycling, screening of secondary crushed stone, mineral additive, self-compacting fine-grained concrete, consistency of concrete mix, strength, shrinkage

The study is devoted to the development of electronic and distance learning tools for mastering the skills of applying mathematical methods by specialists in the field of automated systems development. The concept (structure) of an automated information system (AIS) for managing the life cycle of exercises to study optimization methods has been developed and schematically presented. An important element of decision support in the AIS is software simulators (training and training components) that generate exercise options and automatically check them based on the properties of mathematical models of optimization problems. An algorithmic and prototype software for the training subsystem for monitoring the skills of solving optimization problems have been developed. Variations in the interfaces for constructing a mathematical model for an optimization problem by a student when performing an exercise in the AIS are demonstrated. Building a model in the interface and, accordingly, the complexity of the exercise depends on the number of model parameters that can be changed by the student. The simulator provides an integral assessment of the student's actions when performing the task. The introduction of the simulator into the digital educational environment of the university will automate and simplify the implementation of current and intermediate control of knowledge and skills in the disciplines studied.

Keywords: optimization problems, mathematical programming, decision support, software simulator, mathematical modeling of systems and processes, visual modeling

Two capacitive methods of measuring the linear density of one-dimensional fibrous products are considered. The sensitivity of the measurement results to variations in the geometric and physical parameters of the measuring device for the differential and resonance measurement methods is estimated. A weak, almost linear dependence of the measurement error on parameter variations in a wide variation range is established. The good suitability of both methods for measuring the linear density of one-dimensional products by the capacitive method and the high correlation between the measured value and the measurement results are substantiated.

Keywords: fibrous materials, one-dimensional products, linear density, capacitive measurement method, capacitive method, differential circuit, resonant measurement circuit, parameter variations

The paper considers the plane motion of a heavy material point in a quasi-static medium under the influence of gravity, aerodynamic forces and thrust forces. This problem can be considered as a continuation of Zhukovsky's problem of modeling the longitudinal flight of an aircraft, assuming that the angle of attack is constant, taking into account the effect of thrust. The equations of motion in different coordinate systems are obtained. Stationary flight modes have been found. The stability of the most basic modes is investigated. A numerical solution of the equations of motion is found and the behavior of trajectories in various flight modes is investigated.

Keywords: thrust force, material point, Zhukovsky's problem

For the development of automated systems for designing ultraviolet irradiators intended to compensate for the deficiency of natural ultraviolet, it is critically important to know the spatial distribution of the erythemal radiation power. However, there are no suitable sensors for direct measurement of this value on the Russian market. In this regard, an alternative method for determining the erythemal radiation power is considered, which does not require the use of specialized erythemal-sensitive receivers. The method is based on obtaining the spatial distribution of the erythemal radiation power by taking into account the curve of the relative spectral erythemal efficiency of radiation and preliminary measurements on a gonioradiometric setup of the distribution of energy illuminance in the UVA (320 - 400 nm), UVB (280 - 320 nm) regions and the relative spectral distribution of the irradiator or radiation source for one arbitrarily selected direction in the wavelength range of 280 - 400 nm.

Keywords: ultraviolet radiation; erythemal radiation; irradiation units; measurement method, radiation strength; spatial distribution of erythemal radiation strength, method

The paper considers the issue of using a computer vision system to control the quality of products in the control algorithm of a mechatronic sorting station. Shoe products are chosen as an example. The developed system is based on machine learning methods for image recognition by segmentation. As a result, a neural network model was created, and a program was written for identifying and selecting objects using a camera for subsequent sorting of defective products. The program contains three modules: initialization for declaring all variables, models, classes, video stream from the camera; the main module, containing an internal loop for each segmented object; a subroutine for completing the work. The introduction of computer vision into the control algorithm increases the efficiency and flexibility of the quality control system, and improves the accuracy of measuring the parameters of objects for their subsequent sorting.

Keywords: mechatronic station, sorting, computer vision, image segmentation, neural network training, control algorithm

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the adhesion properties of release coatings based on polyisobutylene applied to metallic substrates. A software tool was developed in Microsoft Visual Studio using the C++ programming language to compute the composition and effective technological parameters for forming coatings that ensure optimal adhesion to protected surfaces. As a case study, the method of calculating the relationships between composition, temperature, and formation time is demonstrated for coatings achieving the highest adhesion, corresponding to a score of “zero” on the standardized six-point cross-cut adhesion test. It is shown that the application of the developed software enables parameter evaluation within 1–2 seconds. The computational results are experimentally validated. The morphology of the coatings was examined using optical microscopy. It was observed that no delamination occurs at the intersection points of cuts or within the grid pattern.

Keywords: coating, adhesion, microstructure, cross-cut test, polyisobutylene, optimization

During the research, a new prestressing system was developed for carbon fiber reinforced polymer plates to reinforce damaged steel beams. A parametric analysis was performed using finite element modeling. The results showed that satisfactory amplification efficiency can be achieved using the new pre-voltage system. The prestressed carbon fiber significantly increased the performance when bending beams at the elastic and elastic-plastic stages due to the use of high-strength carbon fiber plates. In addition, as the pre-voltage level increased, the amplification efficiency increased. A simple increase in the area or modulus of elasticity of the carbon fiber plate slightly improved the hardening efficiency, while the simultaneous application of prestressing clearly increases the hardening efficiency.

Keywords: reinforcement, steel beam, prestressing, new system, carbon fiber plate