The article discusses a software module developed by the authors for automatic generation of program code based on UML diagrams. The relevance of developing this module is due to the limitations of existing foreign code generation tools related to functionality, ease of use, support for modern technologies, as well as their unavailability in Russian Federation. The module analyzes JSON files obtained by exporting UML diagrams from the draw.io online service and converts them into code in a selected programming language (Python, C++, Java) or DDL scripts for DBMS (PostgreSQL, Oracle, MySQL). The Python language and the Jinja2 template engine were used as the main development tools. The operation of the software module is demonstrated using the example of a small project "Library Management System". During the study, a series of tests were conducted on automatic code generation based on the architectures of software information systems developed by students of the Software Engineering bachelor's degree program in the discipline "Design and Architecture of Software Systems". The test results showed that the code generated using the developed module fully complies with the original UML diagrams, including the structure of classes, relationships between them, as well as the configuration of the database and infrastructure (Docker Compose). The practical significance of the investigation is that the proposed concept of generating program code based on visual models of UML diagrams built in the popular online editor draw.io significantly simplifies the development of software information systems, and can be used for educational purposes.

Keywords: code generation, automation, python, jinja2, uml diagram, json, template engine, parsing, class diagram, database, deployment diagram

The article presents the results of comparing numerical modeling of wooden structures with laboratory and full-scale tests. In the course of the work, numerical models of the material were created in the Ansys Workbench software package from volumetric finite elements with a variant set of physico-mechanical parameters simulating the behavior of real wood. The simulation parameters were based on the laboratory testing results of a solid wood beam. The simulation results were compared with the full-scale test results of a composite wood slab. Modeling of constructions was carried out in the form of linear, bilinear and multilinear models.

Keywords: solid wood beam, composite wood slab, bilinear finite element model, multilinear finite element model, stress-strain state

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of the choice of the calculation scheme on the accuracy of the engineering assessment of the behavior of monolithic reinforced concrete frame structures. Various types of models are considered: rod, plate and volumetric, taking into account both linear and physical nonlinearity. It is emphasized that the adequacy of accounting for the spatial interaction of elements, the reliability of the assessment of forces and stresses, as well as the possibility of optimizing design solutions, especially under seismic and wind loads, depend on the correctness of the adopted calculation scheme. As part of the study, a single-span reinforced concrete frame was modeled, the load on which varied from 5 to 55 kN. A comparison of the calculated results with experimental data was carried out. It is shown that models that take into account physical nonlinearity and use more detailed modeling (for example, volumetric finite elements) provide the greatest accuracy in predicting deflections and stresses in the structure. The obtained results confirm the necessity of a careful approach to the choice of the calculation scheme in design, especially in the design of high-rise buildings and structures in seismically dangerous areas. Recommendations are made on the rational use of models of different levels of detail in engineering practice.

Keywords: linear calculation, nonlinear calculation, frames, reinforced concrete, deflections, modeling

The article examines methods of surface stabilization of loess slopes subject to erosion and landslides. The authors consider the use of soil concrete based on slag-alkaline binder using local loess as a filler. Experiments were conducted with various binder compositions, including liquid glass with different modules and sodium hydroxide, which made it possible to determine the optimal parameters for achieving high strength and frost resistance. For decorative purposes, the use of natural pigments, such as siderites, providing color stability, is proposed. The practical part of the work includes a description of the technology of pneumatic spraying of soil concrete to create monolithic lattice structures.

Keywords: loess slopes, soil concrete, slag-alkali binder, liquid glass, frost resistance, pneumatic spraying, decorative pigments

The article is devoted to one of the stages of research aimed at studying methodological approaches to urban planning reconstruction of territories in the zone of influence of the railway station. The problem of the research is the existing contradiction between the existing methods of urban development reconstruction and systematised data on the zone of influence of the railway station. The result of the study is the development of a method for identifying common features of territories in the zone of influence of the railway station on the basis of cluster analysis.

Keywords: city planning, city planning zoning, city planning reconstruction, renovation, railway terminal railway terminal, cluster analysis, clustering method

This article highlights the use of tethered balloons in the construction of high-rise buildings, where the use of cranes or helicopters is not always advisable due to the technological features of the structures being built, or for economic reasons. The design scheme of a balloon system capable of mounting high-rise structures, in particular industrial chimneys, is described. Examples of the installation of high-rise pipe structures are given. The basis of theoretical approaches is given to determine the characteristics of the shell as the main component of cargo balloon carriers. A method for determining the volume of a balloon is given, as an important element in the balloon shell design.

Keywords: balloon crane, construction of high-rise facilities, high-rise installation, balloon system, equation of equilibrium of a balloon crane.

The stability of inorganic ultraviolet pigments synthesized from phosphogypsum in relation to the action of a number of solvents has been studied. It is noted that under the conditions studied, the samples are stable in the presence of water and solutions of organic solvents, and treatment of the samples with concentrated solutions of sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide leads to a decrease in luminescent properties. The luminescence ability of the samples remains when heated to 800 ° C. Based on the developed pigments, building mixes can be obtained that have luminescent properties when irradiated with ultraviolet light.

Keywords: building mixes, putty, luminescent pigments, phosphogypsum processing, thermal stability, solvent treatment, action of acid and alkali solutions

The article explores a model in which it is possible to predict the timing of obsolescence of a construction site. The purpose of the described techniques is to ensure stable operation and reliable operation of facilities. The presented methodological approaches make it possible to improve the accuracy of the assessment of degradation processes, covering both technical elements and structural parts of buildings and infrastructure systems. The article focuses on effective tools and methods used to survey the current state of real estate, as well as to anticipate changes in their performance over time. The paper considers the application of a generalized computational wear scheme that demonstrates changes in the organization and destruction of building elements throughout the service life. This scheme takes into account the continuous influence of external conditions on the structure of the structure. The universal formula proposed for the analysis serves as a research tool and displays the course of changes in the state of technical systems under the influence of prolonged loads.

Keywords: organizational and technological solutions, reliability, quality control, monitoring of compliance with standards, efficiency, production costs

This article examines the key features of the functional planning and architectural spatial organization of the typological group of public buildings and structures in the renovation of industrial buildings in coastal areas in order to create promising models of two different types of multifunctional spaces: creative clusters and multifunctional complexes. Both approaches take advantage of the structural and spatial advantages of these buildings while simultaneously implementing modern architectural and environmental techniques. For both types of renovation, adaptive space reuse, integration of green elements, sustainable energy solutions, increased accessibility, and preservation of industrial heritage are common methods. The specific changes for creative clusters include the transformation of the main workshops into flexible exhibition and cultural spaces, the inclusion of artistic elements and the creation of public areas. Conversely, multifunctional complexes turn these spaces into office areas, coworking areas, commercial premises and residential apartments. Overall, these renovation models not only revitalize the physical environment, but also contribute to the cultural, social and economic development of coastal urban areas, creating an incentive for future urban renewal projects.

Keywords: architectural and ecological renovation, industrial buildings, sustainable development, creative clusters, multifunctional complexes

The article presents the results of static and dynamic calculations of a 14-storey administrative building with two underground floors. The building is located in the city of Sochi. The seismicity of the construction area is 9 points. As a result of calculations under seismic influence, characteristic isofields of movements of the building system in different directions, stress isofields in load-bearing monolithic reinforced concrete floors, and force plots in core elements were obtained. According to the results of the verification calculations of the load-bearing reinforced concrete structures of the building frame, it was revealed that the strength of the individual columns of the underground floors of the building is not ensured. Options for reinforcing columns using various options are presented: classic reinforced concrete cage, metal cage, pasting with composite tapes, steel-reinforced concrete cage. As a result of comparing all reinforcement options, the most optimal reinforcement option was adopted from the point of view of technology, economic feasibility and strength parameters.

Keywords: steel-fiber concrete, seismic, strength, reinforcement, dynamic calculation, cage, column, building, composite, comparison

A comparative study of three reinforcement options for reinforced concrete beams has been carried out: without reinforcement, with reinforcement with carbon tape both along the entire span length, and with partial reinforcement of the span zone with an end mechanical anchoring with carbon bundles. Numerical modeling has been performed, diagrams of bending moments and force distribution have been constructed, and the coefficients of the safety margin of the construction system have been estimated. The effectiveness of the schemes is substantiated in terms of strength, taking into account manufacturability and material consumption. It is shown that the use of mechanical anchoring with harnesses increases the reliability of the system while reducing material consumption.

Keywords: anchor harness, carbon fiber, load-bearing capacity, structural reinforcement, composite material

During long-term operation of reinforced concrete structures of buildings and structures under the influence of various loads and impacts, destructive changes occur, which lead to a decrease in the bearing capacity and serviceability, and, as a consequence, to the need to use structural reinforcement. In compressed elements, as is known, concrete destruction occurs due to reaching tensile stresses in the transverse direction of the strength limit. In this case, one of the effective methods for strengthening such structures is the creation of transverse ferrules from composite materials. At the same time, the studies show relatively low stresses in the elements of composite reinforcement when the structure reaches destruction. The current task of this study is to study the effect of prestressing elements made of carbon composite materials on changing the physical and mechanical properties of concrete under compression. The technology of creating prestressing is considered and the results of testing experimental concrete samples are presented. It was found that reinforcing elements with prestressed ferrules increases the strength of concrete by more than 2 times.

Keywords: concrete, reinforced concrete, compressed elements, reinforcement, composite materials, pre-compression, strength, deformability

The impact of various types of loads on the integrity of the insulating shell is being evaluated and proposals are being developed to improve the operational resistance of light mineral wool slabs in the pitched roof structure. The result of the research was the development of mineral wool products with an alkali-resistant glass mesh reinforced outer layer. The operational resistance of the insulating shell increases by 1.7 times compared to light slabs based on stone wool and by 2.4 times compared to slabs made of glass wool.

Keywords: mineral wool plate, thermal insulation material, stone wool, glass wool, erosion of the product, temperature effect, humidity effect, air flow, operational stability, energy efficiency

Drilling of hardened steel 40 HRC 24...32 is investigated using numerical simulation in Abaqus/Explicit. The stress-strain state is analyzed. It has been found that optimization of cutting modes (feed speeds and revolutions) reduces Mises stresses to 55% of the ultimate strength, increasing tool durability. The results show the dependence of stress distribution on cutting parameters and the influence of drill geometry on the machining process.

Keywords: drilling, hardened steel, numerical modeling, finite element method, Mises stresses, tool durability, optimization of cutting modes, drill geometry

The article is devoted to the development of application software for automated colorization of images in palettes of traditional folk crafts. The process of identifying palettes of folk paintings, the algorithm for transferring color solutions to the author's images and the presentation of this algorithm in the code of a computer program in the Python language are considered. The scheme of interaction of the program with the user is explained. The options for the practical application of the created application software in the work of artists, when creating design projects, for preserving cultural heritage and passing it on to new generations are described. The results of the study demonstrate the effectiveness of the automated approach for coloring images, reducing time costs and simplifying the work of designers. The article may be of interest to specialists in the field of computer graphics, designers and researchers of digital technologies in the field of image processing.

Keywords: application software, digital technologies, colorization, color palettes, traditional folk crafts, colorization algorithms, graphic design, python programming, image processing

The paper examines the causes of the decline in the quality of electrical energy in small settlements. A linear multiplicative model for forecasting electrical loads has been developed based on a time series of electricity consumption in one of the small settlements. A posteriori verification of the multiplicative model has been performed, and the efficiency of the developed model for medium-term forecasting tasks has been demonstrated.

Keywords: electricity consumption, small settlement, linear regression model, multiplicative model, forecasting electrical loads, quality of electrical energy

Rapid urbanization in developing countries, particularly Iran and Turkey, has increased environmental challenges that require systemic and engineering-based strategies for managing sustainable development projects. This study presents a structured approach to engineering modeling and managing urban environmental projects using five metropolitan areas: Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Shiraz, and Istanbul. Particular attention is paid to the socio-economic impacts of implementing sustainable initiatives, including job creation, cost reduction, and improved urban quality. Istanbul’s successful experience in integrating waste-to-energy systems and switching to electric public transport is compared with less effective and disparate practices in Iranian cities. Based on the analysis, policy recommendations are developed to promote interregional cooperation and form a coherent sustainable development framework for policymakers and urban planners.

Keywords: sustainable development, environmental project management, socio-economic effects, renewable energy, circular economy, waste-to-energy, urban infrastructure, Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Shiraz, Istanbul

The article discusses the problem of heating the wall in connection with the occurrence of a fire source. The conditions of convective heat exchange with the environment are considered on the wall surface. At a known ignition temperature of wood, the time it takes for the wall surface to reach this temperature is found. The problem is solved for a homogeneous wall made of a single material, as well as for an inhomogeneous wall in which a thin layer of wood is followed by a thick thermal insulation layer. The problem is solved analytically, as well as by the finite element method. The solution of the problem by the finite difference method is also considered.

Keywords: wood, thermal insulation layer, ignition temperature, convection, finite element method, finite difference method, thermal conductivity problem

The reliability of electric power systems is largely determined by the insulation condition of electrical equipment. Insulation damage can lead to power losses, reduced service life of lines and devices, and emergency shutdowns, so insulation diagnostics is critical to prevent technological disruptions. However, traditional approaches to insulation monitoring are often labor-intensive and subjective. In this regard, the role of computer vision and deep learning methods, capable of automatically detecting insulation defects and thereby increasing the efficiency and objectivity of monitoring, is increasing. This study considers the application of modern architectures of deep convolutional neural networks for the problem of recognizing insulating elements of electrical equipment. Particular attention is paid to the comparative analysis of several state-of-the-art models. The considered architectures show effective results and provide deep multi-scale analysis of scene features based on convolutional networks. In this paper, the models are used in conjunction with image augmentation algorithms. Data augmentation allows you to artificially expand limited sets of training images through various transformations, which is especially important for a small dataset. The application of these methods is aimed at improving the quality of training data and reducing the risk of overfitting models, as well as overcoming the imbalance of classes in the sample by generating additional fault samples. The proposed approach includes conducting a sequential comparative experiment on a small and limited set of image data from power facilities. A comparison was made of the accuracy and completeness metrics of various neural network architectures when combining various augmentation strategies in order to identify a combination of models and data augmentation methods that provide the highest recognition accuracy. The results of the study will help determine the most effective augmentation models and techniques suitable for real-life operating conditions at power facilities, taking into account complex backgrounds, variable lighting, and different angles of equipment shooting. Identifying such optimal solutions based on deep learning is intended to improve the reliability and efficiency of automated insulation monitoring in the power industry.

Keywords: computer vision, convolutional neural networks, isolation, defect, data augmentation, machine learning, energy, automation of image analysis

The paper presents an intelligent control system for the indirect assessment of fruit damage volume based on the use of a computer vision system and a convolutional neural network (CNN). An algorithm has been developed that analyzes the surface defect area to predict the volume of damaged pulp. The proposed approach includes stages of image acquisition, preprocessing, defect segmentation using a CNN, regression-based damage volume estimation, and decision-making based on fuzzy logic. A mathematical model is described that links the defect area to the damage volume, taking into account the internal spread of rot within the fruit. The presented system enables prompt and objective quality control of fruits, contributing to the optimization of sorting, storage, and processing operations in the food industry and the agro-industrial sector.

Keywords: diversification of management, production diversification, financial and economic purposes of a diversification, technological purposes of ensuring flexibility of production

The construction of a mathematical model for solving the problem of planning construction excavation, which is interpreted as a problem with a linear objective function and constraints, is considered. The calculation algorithm is implemented by software in Python using the scipy.optimize.linprog library, which provides effective methods for solving linear programming problems. The developed program visualizes the results, making the allocation of time for the operation of machines. When testing the program, scenarios with different input data were considered, allowing us to conclude that the developed tool helps to make the best decision when planning construction work and analyze the impact of changes in input parameters on the result.

Keywords: organization of construction, linear programming, distribution tasks, optimization, planning, mathematical modeling, simplex method

The paper presents a calculation model for assessing the wear resistance of radial plain bearings with a polymer coating and a groove, taking into account inertial effects and nonlinear properties of the medium under steady-state friction. Clarified analytical dependencies have been developed to improve the accuracy of calculations of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the bearing. The main objective of the study is to create a multifactorial model that takes into account the influence of the bearing geometric parameters (the presence and configuration of the groove), the properties of the polymer coating and the inertial force. The model allows predicting the bearing life in real operating conditions, taking into account the influence of various factors, which increases the accuracy of design and optimization of the design. The results of the work are aimed at improving the operational reliability of plain bearings due to more accurate prediction of their wear resistance and optimization of design parameters.

Keywords: modified design, nonlinear factors, polymer coating, axial groove, load capacity, friction coefficient, increased wear resistance

The paper considers the solution of an urgent scientific and technical problem of developing a tilt angle sensor designed for automated position measurement of optical and optoelectronic systems. The principle of operation of the tilt angle sensor or inclinometer is to measure the direction of acceleration of gravity in the coordinate system associated with the target object, which allows calculating the angles of deviation of the vertical axis of the object from the ideal position. Capacitive sensors measure the angle of inclination by monitoring changes in capacitance due to external influences and often have a fairly simple design. In this paper, we consider a sensor design that uses a metal ball moving in a dielectric tube with electrodes attached to it. To investigate the possibilities of optimizing the device, a mock-up was developed on which the change in capacitance was analyzed depending on the size of the ball, the diameter of the tube and the shape of the electrodes. An important goal of this study was to determine the optimal diameter of the ball inside the dielectric tube to obtain the most noticeable changes in capacitance. The best results were obtained using a metal ball with a diameter slightly smaller than that of a dielectric tube. To measure the capacitance the "capacity–frequency" conversion can be used, followed by measuring the latter using a microcontroller. The resulting capacitance values are very small, which leads to a significant impact of any connecting wires and requires reducing the distance between the primary converter and the signal processing circuit, which can be achieved using micromechanics and microelectromechanics technologies and integrating the entire sensor design into one miniature housing. At the same time, with a decrease in the size of the elements of the primary converter, the value of the detected capacitance will obviously decrease, which will significantly complicate its conversion into an electrical signal.

Keywords: tilt angle, electronic sensor, inclinometer, position control, capacity change, primary converter, auto generator, miniaturization